Berlin is both the capital and largest city in Germany with a population of 3.4 million. It has been the capital through a series of various German rule from the Kingdom of Prussia in 1701 until present day, asides from the years it was divided by the Berlin wall. This history has left Berlin a city of diverse architecture and neighbourhoods much of which has been rebuilt following the damages of WWII and the division of the city. Today Berlin is known for its many advancements in science with important universities and research institutes but is also favoured by young artists for the thriving contemporary art scene. It is known for its liberal lifestyles and as a cosmopolitan city of cafes, clubs, museums and some of the most iconic architecture in Germany. The city is not all urban and is interspersed with forests, parks, gardens, rivers and lakes which take up about a third of it’s area.
Like today, Berlin was a very multicultural and welcoming city from it’s beginnings in the 13th century with various Germanic tribes and Slavic Wends. In the 17th century Berlin welcomed the fleeing French Huguenots and many other groups looking for asylum. In 1701 the city became to capital of Prussia and grew in influence throughout the centuries and was one of the most industrialized cities of the German Reich. While Hitler had grand plans for Berlin it suffered enormously during WWII and many of its buildings were destroyed. After the war the city was also divided between West Berlin (controlled by the Americans, French and British) and East Berlin (belonging to the USSR) which further fragmented the city and was rebuilt in two quite different styles. After the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 the city reunified and became the capital of Germany and because of the critical role it played in the upheaval of a divided Germany has been home to social activists and developed an open and liberal attitude.
Berlin is a relatively young city but holds many important museums many of which are is Museumsinsel (Museum Island) with the most important being the giant Pergamon-Museum with a collection of ancient architecture though there are many other classic museums here. Museums with a more recent focus include the Ethnological Museum which includes the Topography of Terror, which shows the history of the Gestapo, and the Jüdisches Museum which details the history of the Jews in Germany. One of the most important structures is the Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe, an extensive monument covering an entire block. Nearby it is the famed Brandenburg Gate and the Bundestag (the German Parliament building) which has recently been retrofitted with a new glass dome that offers an incredible view of the city. Some ancient churches still survive though the Berliner Dom is the largest and most impressive church while the Kaiser Wilhelm Gedächtniskirche is perhaps the most symbolic with a mix of old and new buildings. Sections of the Berlin wall are preserved to be visited along with memorials and although the famed Checkpoint Charlie crossing point between the wall is no more although the signs are still visible for where the entrance once stood. The past lives on in Berlin but new growth is always encouraged making it a fascinating and complex city and one tied closely to Germany’s past and future. There are surely few more dynamic and inspiring cities in which to learn German!
“I had a great time in Berlin! I particularly enjoyed staying with a host family as it gave me more of an opportunity to practise my German and it was very nice to have a proper home to go to at the end of the day. …