Seoul is the capital of South Korea and one of the largest cities in the world. With a population of 10.2 million, nearly a quarter of the country’s population live within the city. Seoul is one of the leading financial and commercial centers in the world and has one of the most advanced technology infrastructure of any city in the world. It is a city that has had to adapt to incredible population density with almost twice the concentration of people of New York City. Despite this there is a superb public transportation system with streetcars, buses and 9 major subway lines covering over 250 km. The brilliance of Seoul’s urban planning has garnered it the title of World Design Capital for 2010. Seoul is not simply a modern city, however, as it has a history spanning over 2000 years. In 18 BCE it became the capital of Baekje, one of Korea’s Three Kingdoms, and has been the capital through successive eras of Korean history. Seoul holds four UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
With its history as a capital, Seoul has several major palaces. The best known is the Gyeongbok-gung which was built in 1394 and destroyed by a Japanese invasion in 1592. It was rebuilt to be nearly destroyed again by the Japanese in 1910 but is again being rebuilt and is nearly halfway finished. Another notable palace is Changdeok-gung which was built in 1405 and was used as the main seat of power when the Gyeongbok-gung was being rebuilt. While both are incredible examples of Korean architecture, the Deoksu-gung is a unique palace that blends this with Western influences. Seoul is also home to many important temples. The Jongmyo Shrine is dedicated to many generations of the royal family and is the most famous. Up Mount Inwang there is the both the Inwang Temple and the Guksadang shrine which is the most important shamanist site in Seoul. The Great South Gate (Namdaemun) of the old city walls has survived and become a major city landmark and National Treasure. Seoul also has many modern sites of great importance. The Namsan Tower was built in 1969 once the tallest tower in Asia and has an incredible view of the entire city.
Other impressive views are available from the mountains that surround the city. Bukhansan to the north is the most famous and consequently the most crowded. There are also Gwanaksan (the hat-like mountain) which holds numerous Buddhist temples and the nearby Samseongsan. Should hiking up mountains seem too strenuous a day there are dozens of incredible parks to visit throughout the city. Boramae Park has sports facilities, a zoo and a huge pond it is well known for. One of the most visited parks is Yeouido and there is also 4.19 Memorial Cemetery honouring the casualties of the April Revolution in 1960 which deposed the corrupt leadership of the time. Namsan park is the most symbolic park in Seoul situated on the central Namsan mountain and visible throughout the city which is filled with wild animals and pine trees. Seoul is a city of diversity with history and modernity, urbanity and nature, and plenty of opportunities to learn Korean from this booming metropolis.